toll
英 [təʊl]
美 [tol]
- n. 通行費；代價；鍾聲；傷亡人數
- vt. 征收；敲鍾
- vi. 鳴鍾；征稅
助記提示
1、詞根tel-為什麽會由end, result, final引申出tax這一層含義？其實很簡單，咱們漢語裏表示與稅費有關的詞有：結算、結賬，它們都與結(end)有關；同類情況的還有：fin- => finance.
2、tel- "tax" => toll.
中文詞源
toll 費用，道路通行費，長途電話費，傷亡人數來自古英語 toll,費用，稅費，關稅，來自 Proto-Germanic*tullo,計算數，告知，來自 PIE*dol, 計算，思考，詞源同 tell,tall.引申諸相關詞義。
英文詞源
- toll
- toll: Toll ‘charge, payment’ [OE] and toll ‘ring a bell’ [15] are distinct words. The former was borrowed into Old English from medieval Latin tolōneum ‘place where tolls are collected’, an alteration of late Latin telōneum. This in turn was borrowed from Greek telónion, a derivative of télos ‘tax’. The ancestry of toll ‘ring a bell’ is more conjectural. It may be the same word as the long-obsolete toll ‘pull’, which went back to an Old English *tollian.
- toll (n.)
- "tax, fee," Old English toll "impost, tribute, passage-money, rent," variant of toln, cognate with Old Norse tollr, Old Frisian tolen, Old High German zol, German Zoll, probably representing an early Germanic borrowing from Late Latin tolonium "custom house," from Latin telonium "tollhouse," from Greek teloneion "tollhouse," from telones "tax-collector," from telos "tax" (see tele-; for sense, compare finance). On the other theory it is native Germanic and related to tell (v.) on the notion of "that which is counted." Originally in a general sense of "payment exacted by an authority;" meaning "charge for right of passage along a road" is from late 15c.
- toll (v.)
- "to sound with slow single strokes" (intransitive), mid-15c., probably a special use of tollen "to draw, lure," early 13c. variant of Old English -tyllan in betyllan "to lure, decoy," and fortyllan "draw away, seduce," of obscure origin. The notion is perhaps of "luring" people to church with the sound of the bells, or of "drawing" on the bell rope. Transitive sense from late 15c. Related: Tolled; tolling. The noun meaning "a stroke of a bell" is from mid-15c.
雙語例句
- 1. The daily toll of casualties has dropped off sharply.
- 每日傷亡人數已經大大減少。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. This has taken a great toll on me personally and professionally.
- 這給我的個人生活和我的工作都造成了嚴重的不良影響。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. There are fears that the casualty toll may be higher.
- 有人擔心傷亡總數可能會更高。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. Winter takes its toll on your health.
- 冬天對健康不利。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. Higher fuel prices took their toll.
- 燃料提價產生了惡果。
來自柯林斯例句