strain

• n. 張力；拉緊；負擔；扭傷；血緣
• vi. 拉緊；盡力
• vt. 拉緊；濫用；濾去；竭力
• n. (Strain)人名；(英)斯特蘭

來自古法語 estreindre,綁緊，拽緊，來自拉丁語 stringere,綁緊，拉緊，壓緊，來自 PIE*strenk, 緊的，窄的，詞源同 strict,stress,stringent.拚寫比較 rain 來自古英語 regnian.引申詞義扭傷， 過濾，及相關詞義壓力，拉力，張力等。

來自中古英語 streon,種族， 品係， 血統， 來自古英語 streon,收獲， 財富， 繁殖， 來自 Proto-Germanic*streuna,堆積，收獲，來自 PIE*stere,展開，伸展，詞源同 strew,stratum,structure. 後用於指動植物的品種，品係，以及病菌的類型，種類等。

strain

strain: English has two distinct words strain. The older, ‘line of ancestry’ [OE], denotes etymologically ‘something gained by accumulation’. It comes from the prehistoric base *streu- ‘pile up’, which was related to Latin struere ‘build’ (source of English destroy, structure, etc). In the Old English period the notion of ‘gaining something’ was extended metaphorically to ‘producing offspring’, which formed the jumping-off point for the word’s modern range of meanings. Strain ‘pull tight, wrench’ [13] was borrowed from estreign-, the stem form of Old French estreindre ‘pull tight, tie’.

This in turn was descended from Latin stringere ‘pull tight, tie tight’ (source also of English strait, strict, and stringent [17] and of a host of derived forms such as constrain [14], prestige, restrain [14] and constrict, district, restrict, etc). Strain ‘tune’ [16] is assumed to be the same word, perhaps deriving ultimately from the notion of ‘stretching’ the strings of a musical instrument.
=> construct, destroy, structure; constrain, constrict, district, prestige, restrain, restrict, strait, strict, stringent

strain (v.)

c. 1300, "tie, bind, fasten, gird," from present participle stem of Old French estreindre "bind tightly, clasp, squeeze," from Latin stringere (2) "draw tight, bind tight, compress, press together," from PIE root *streig- "to stroke, rub, press" (cognates: Lithuanian stregti "congeal, freeze, become stiff;" Greek strangein "twist;" Old High German strician "mends nets;" Old English streccian "to stretch;" German stramm, Dutch stram "stiff").

From late 14c. as "tighten; make taut," also "exert oneself; overexert (a body part)," Sense of "press through a filter, put (a liquid) through a strainer" is from early 14c. (implied in strainer); that of "to stress beyond measure, carry too far, make a forced interpretation of" is from mid-15c. Related: Strained; straining.

strain (n.2)

"line of descent, lineage, breed, ancestry," c. 1200, from Old English strion, streon "a gain, acquisition, treasure; a begetting, procreation," from Proto-Germanic *streu-nam- "to pile up," from PIE root *stere- "to spread, extend, stretch out" (see structure (n.)). Hence "race, stock, line" (early 14c.). Applied to animal species from c. 1600; usually involving fairly minor variations, but not distinct from breed (n.). Normal sound development would have yielded *streen, but the word was altered in late Middle English, apparently by influence of strain (n.1).

strain (n.1)

"injury caused by straining," c. 1400, from strain (v.). The meaning "passage of music" (1570s) probably developed from a verbal sense of "to tighten" the voice, which originally was used in reference to the strings of a musical instrument (late 14c.).

1. The whole ship shuddered and trembled at the sudden strain.

突然的拉力使得整隻船劇烈顫動。

來自柯林斯例句

2. There was a strain of bitterness in his voice.

他的聲音聽起來有些憤憤不平。

來自柯林斯例句

3. Her voice was so low he had to strain to catch it.

她的聲音很低，他很費力才聽得到。

來自柯林斯例句

4. Avoid muscle strain by warming up with slow jogging.

先慢跑熱熱身，免得拉傷肌肉。

來自柯林斯例句

5. Strain the mixture through a double thickness of muslin or cheesecloth.

用雙層平紋細布或幹酪包布過濾混合料。

來自柯林斯例句