slave

• n. 奴隸；從動裝置
• vi. 苦幹；拚命工作
• n. (Slave)人名；(塞、羅)斯拉韋

來自拉丁語 Sclavus,奴隸，原義為斯拉夫人。因在中世紀時斯拉夫人大量淪為奴隸而引申該 詞義。

slave

slave: [13] The word slave commemorates the fate of the Slavic people in the past, reduced by conquest to a state of slavery. For ultimately slave and Slav are one and the same. The earliest record we have of the ethnic name is as Slavic Sloveninu, a word of unknown origin borrowed by Byzantine Greek as Sklábos and passed on to medieval Latin as Sclavus. It was this that was turned into a generic term sclavus ‘slave’, which passed into English via Old French esclave.

slave (n.)

late 13c., "person who is the chattel or property of another," from Old French esclave (13c.), from Medieval Latin Sclavus "slave" (source also of Italian schiavo, French esclave, Spanish esclavo), originally "Slav" (see Slav); so used in this secondary sense because of the many Slavs sold into slavery by conquering peoples.

This sense development arose in the consequence of the wars waged by Otto the Great and his successors against the Slavs, a great number of whom they took captive and sold into slavery. [Klein]

Meaning "one who has lost the power of resistance to some habit or vice" is from 1550s. Applied to devices from 1904, especially those which are controlled by others (compare slave jib in sailing, similarly of locomotives, flash bulbs, amplifiers). Slave-driver is attested from 1807; extended sense of "cruel or exacting task-master" is by 1854. Slate state in U.S. history is from 1812. Slave-trade is attested from 1734.

Old English Wealh "Briton" also began to be used in the sense of "serf, slave" c.850; and Sanskrit dasa-, which can mean "slave," apparently is connected to dasyu- "pre-Aryan inhabitant of India." Grose's dictionary (1785) has under Negroe "A black-a-moor; figuratively used for a slave," without regard to race. More common Old English words for slave were þeow (related to þeowian "to serve") and þræl (see thrall). The Slavic words for "slave" (Russian rab, Serbo-Croatian rob, Old Church Slavonic rabu) are from Old Slavic *orbu, from the PIE root *orbh- (also source of orphan), the ground sense of which seems to be "thing that changes allegiance" (in the case of the slave, from himself to his master). The Slavic word is also the source of robot.

slave (v.)

1550s, "to enslave," from slave (n.). The meaning "work like a slave" is first recorded 1719. Related: Slaved; slaving.

Slave

Indian tribe of northwestern Canada, 1789, from slave (n.), translating Cree (Algonquian) awahkan "captive, slave."

1. Liverpool grew fat on the basis of the slave trade.

利物浦是靠奴隸貿易肥起來的。

來自柯林斯例句

2. It was infamous as a kingdom of brigands, scoundrels, and slave-traders.

該地區因土匪、無賴和奴隸販子猖獗而聲名狼藉。

來自柯林斯例句

3. The story tells of a runaway slave girl in Louisiana, circa 1850.

故事大約發生在1850年，講的是路易斯安那州一個逃跑的年輕女奴。

來自柯林斯例句

4. She treated her daughter like a slave.

她對待女兒像對待奴隸一樣。

來自《權威詞典》

5. Huge palaces were built by slave labour.

宏偉的宮殿是奴隸建成的。

來自《權威詞典》