shake
英 [ʃeɪk]
美 [ʃek]
- vt. 動搖；搖動；震動；握手
- vi. 動搖；搖動；發抖
- n. 搖動；哆嗦
助記提示
1. 咱們漢字有簡化現象或者說簡化階段、英語也是如此，這是語言為了更易於學習、交流與書寫而簡化的演變規律和趨勢。很多或者說絕大部分古英語單詞都進行了簡化，比如單詞中的雙元音組合簡化為單元音，單詞尾部的後綴省略或者簡化為-e. 比如：在古英語中很多動詞的後綴為-an, 現在都一律簡化為-e, 在古英語中動詞的過去式和過去分詞就是就是在原形單詞的基礎上進行元音音變，比如-an結尾的動詞，其過去分詞就是將-an變為-en, 這就是為什麽現在一些的不規則動詞的過去分詞是以-en結尾的，因為它們保留為古英語的習慣而繼承了下來。
2. Old English: sceacan => scoc => scacen.
3. shake => shook => shaken.
4. 語言是文化交流與傳承的工具，那麽它與其它普通的工具一樣，在不影響其正常功能的前提下，是越簡單越好。所以語言在其向前發展的過程的會逐漸簡化，因為他們都有一個共同的目的，那就是更易於學習、交流與書寫。這是語言向前發展的普遍規律和趨勢。
中文詞源
shake 搖晃，搖出，抖動，握手來自古英語 sceacan,搖動，搖晃，來自 Proto-Germanic*skakana,搖動，搖擺，來自 PIE*skek, 搖動，搖晃，詞源同 shag,shock.
英文詞源
- shake
- shake: [OE] Shake is a general Germanic verb, although today its only surviving relatives are Swedish skaka and Norwegian skage. It comes from a prehistoric Germanic *skakan, which goes back to the Indo-European base *skeg-, *skek- (source also of Sanskrit khajati ‘agitate, churn’ and Welsh ysgogi ‘move’).
- shake (v.)
- Old English sceacan "move (something) quickly to and fro, brandish; move the body or a part of it rapidly back and forth;" also "go, glide, hasten, flee, depart" (related to sceacdom "flight"); of persons or parts of the body, "to tremble" especially from fever, cold, fear" (class VI strong verb; past tense scoc, past participle scacen), from Proto-Germanic *skakanan (cognates: Old Norse, Swedish skaka, Danish skage "to shift, turn, veer"). No certain cognates outside Germanic, but some suggest a possible connection to Sanskrit khaj "to agitate, churn, stir about," Old Church Slavonic skoku "a leap, bound," Welsh ysgogi "move."
Of the earth in earthquakes, c. 1300. Meaning "seize and shake (someone or something else)" is from early 14c. In reference to mixing ingredients, etc., by shaking a container from late 14c. Meaning "to rid oneself of by abrupt twists" is from c. 1200, also in Middle English in reference to evading responsibility, etc. Meaning "weaken, impair" is from late 14c., on notion of "make unstable."
To shake hands dates from 1530s. Shake a (loose) leg "hurry up" first recorded 1904; shake a heel (sometimes foot) was an old way to say "to dance" (1660s); to shake (one's) elbow (1620s) meant "to gamble at dice." Phrase more _____ than you can shake a stick at is attested from 1818, American English. To shake (one's) head as a sign of disapproval is recorded from c. 1300. - shake (n.)
- late 14c., "charge, onrush," from shake (v.). Meaning "a hard shock" is from 1560s. From 1580s as "act of shaking;" 1660s as "irregular vibration." The hand-grip salutation so called by 1712. As a figure of instantaneous action, it is recorded from 1816. Phrase fair shake "honest deal" is attested from 1830, American English (Bartlett calls it "A New England vulgarism"). The shakes "nervous agitation" is from 1620s. Short for milk shake from 1911. Dismissive phrase no great shakes (1816, Byron) perhaps is from dicing.
雙語例句
- 1. The government wanted to reform the institutions, to shake up the country.
- 政府想要實施機構改革，整頓國家。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. While the water was heating she decided to shake out the carpet.
- 趁著燒水的時候，她決定將地毯抖抖幹淨。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. I've even seen her shake Zara when she's been naughty.
- 我甚至見過她在紮拉淘氣的時候使勁搖晃她。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. Shareholders are preparing to shake things up in the boardrooms of America.
- 股東們正準備在美國的公司董事會議上作出重大調整。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. No amount of reasoning could shake him out of his conviction.
- 再怎樣跟他講道理都不能讓他放棄自己認準的事。
來自柯林斯例句