satire

• n. 諷刺；諷刺文學，諷刺作品

來自拉丁語 satira,諷刺作品，混雜詩，來自 lanx satura,滿盤，雜盤，各種水果混在一起的盤 子，來自 lanx,盤子，詞源同 balance,satura,滿的，飽和的，陰性格於 satur,滿的，飽和的，詞 源同 saturate,使飽和。比喻用法，後詞義通俗化為諷刺，譏諷。

satire

satire: [16] A satire is etymologically a ‘verse medley’, an ‘assortment of pieces on various subjects’. The word comes via Old French satire from Latin satira ‘mixture’, an alteration of an earlier satura. This is said to have been derived from satus ‘full’ (a relative of satis ‘enough’, source of English satisfy), and the link in the semantic chain from ‘full’ to ‘mixture’ is ‘plateful of assorted fruit’, the earliest recorded meaning of satura.

By classical times, Latin satira had moved on from being a general literary miscellany to its now familiar role as a ‘literary work ridiculing or denouncing people’s follies or vices’. The word has no etymological connection, incidentally, with satyr ‘Greek woodland god’ [14], which comes ultimately from Greek sáturos, a word of unknown origin.

satire (n.)

late 14c., "work intended to ridicule vice or folly," from Middle French satire (14c.) and directly from Latin satira "satire, poetic medley," earlier satura, in lanx satura "mixed dish, dish filled with various kinds of fruit," literally "full dish," from fem. of satur "sated" (see saturate).

First used in the literary sense in Latin in reference to a collection of poems in various meters on a variety of subjects by the late republican Roman poet Ennius. The matter of the little that survives of his verse does not seem to be particularly satiric, but in classical Latin the word came to mean especially a poem which assailed the prevailing vices, one after another. Altered in Latin by influence of Greek satyr, on mistaken notion that the literary form is related to the Greek satyr drama (see satyr).

Satire, n. An obsolete kind of literary composition in which the vices and follies of the author's enemies were expounded with imperfect tenderness. In this country satire never had more than a sickly and uncertain existence, for the soul of it is wit, wherein we are dolefully deficient, the humor that we mistake for it, like all humor, being tolerant and sympathetic. Moreover, although Americans are 'endowed by their Creator' with abundant vice and folly, it is not generally known that these are reprehensible qualities, wherefore the satirist is popularly regarded as a sour-spirited knave, and his every victim's outcry for codefendants evokes a national assent. [Ambrose Bierce, "Devil's Dictionary," 1911]

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Proper satire is distinguished, by the generality of the reflections, from a lampoon which is aimed against a particular person, but they are too frequently confounded. [Johnson]

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[I]n whatever department of human expression, wherever there is objective truth there is satire [Wyndham Lewis, "Rude Assignment," 1950]

For nuances of usage, see humor (n.).

satire (v.)

1905, from satire (n.). Related: Satired; satiring.

1. It's a satire somewhat in the manner of Dickens.

這部諷刺作品有點狄更斯的風格。

來自柯林斯例句

2. The movie is a clever satire on the advertising industry.

那部影片是關於廣告業的一部巧妙的諷刺作品.

來自《簡明英漢詞典》

3. Satire is often a form of protest against injustice.

諷刺往往是一種對不公正的抗議形式.

來自《現代英漢綜合大詞典》

4. Jack showed his dislike plainly in scorching satire.

傑克以尖刻的諷刺直率地表明了自己的厭惡.

來自《簡明英漢詞典》

5. Sunset Boulevard was originally conceived by Wilder as an astringent satire on Hollywood.

懷爾德最初是想把《日落大道》拍成一部對好萊塢的辛辣諷刺片。

來自柯林斯例句