pagan

• adj. 異教的；異教徒的
• n. 異教徒；無宗教信仰者
• n. (Pagan)人名；(?-1880)蒲甘(緬甸國王)

來自拉丁語pagus,鄉村，村民，來自PIE*pag,固定，標記，詞源同page,pact.後詞義由村民引申為粗俗的，不信教的，不信基督的，異教徒。詞義演變比較villain,village.

pagan

pagan: [14] The history of pagan is a bizarre series of semantic twists and turns that takes it back ultimately to Latin pāgus (source also of English peasant). This originally meant ‘something stuck in the ground as a landmark’ (it came from a base *pāg- ‘fix’ which also produced English page, pale ‘stake’, and pole ‘stick’ and is closely related to pact and peace).

It was extended metaphorically to ‘country area, village’, and the noun pāgānus was derived from it, denoting ‘country-dweller’. But then this in its turn began to shift semantically, first to ‘civilian’ and then (based on the early Christian notion that all members of the church were ‘soldiers’ of Christ) to ‘heathen’ – whence English pagan.
=> pact, page, pale, peace, peasant, pole

pagan (n.)

late 14c., from Late Latin paganus "pagan," in classical Latin "villager, rustic; civilian, non-combatant" noun use of adjective meaning "of the country, of a village," from pagus "country people; province, rural district," originally "district limited by markers," thus related to pangere "to fix, fasten," from PIE root *pag- "to fix" (see pact). As an adjective from early 15c.

Religious sense is often said to derive from conservative rural adherence to the old gods after the Christianization of Roman towns and cities; but the word in this sense predates that period in Church history, and it is more likely derived from the use of paganus in Roman military jargon for "civilian, incompetent soldier," which Christians (Tertullian, c.202; Augustine) picked up with the military imagery of the early Church (such as milites "soldier of Christ," etc.). Applied to modern pantheists and nature-worshippers from 1908.

Pagan and heathen are primarily the same in meaning; but pagan is sometimes distinctively applied to those nations that, although worshiping false gods, are more cultivated, as the Greeks and Romans, and heathen to uncivilized idolaters, as the tribes of Africa. A Mohammedan is not counted a pagan much less a heathen. [Century Dictionary, 1902]

The English surname Paine, Payne, etc., appears by old records to be from Latin paganus, but whether in the sense "villager," "rustic," or "heathen" is disputed. It also was a common Christian name in 13c., "and was, no doubt, given without any thought of its meaning" ["Dictionary of English Surnames"].

1. The word Easter derives from Eostre, the pagan goddess of spring.

Easter（複活節）一詞由Eostre（多神教的春天女神）衍生而來。

來自柯林斯例句

2. The singing of Christmas carols is a custom derived from early dance routines of pagan origin.

唱聖誕頌歌的風俗源自異教徒早期的舞蹈儀式。

來自柯林斯例句

3. That pagan did not believe in Christ.

那個異教徒從不相信基督。

來自辭典例句

4. The new religion was eager to convert the pagan world.

那種新宗教急於使異教徒皈依本教。

來自辭典例句

5. That is really pagan fatalism.

這是名符其實的異教宿命論.

來自辭典例句