hate: [OE] There are indications that the ancestral meaning of hate may have been a neutral ‘strong feeling’ rather than the positive ‘dislike’. It has been traced to a prehistoric Indo-European *kə des-, amongst whose other descendants were Greek kedos, which meant ‘care, anxiety, grief’, and Old Irish caiss, which meant ‘love’ as well as ‘hate’.
It is clear, though, that the notion of strong dislike became established fairly early, and that it was certainly the sense transmitted via Germanic *khatis-, source of German hass, Dutch haat, Swedish hat, Danish had, and English hate. The derivative hatred was formed from the verb in the 13th century with the suffix -red ‘condition’, as in kindred.
Old French borrowed the Germanic verb *khatjan ‘hate’ as haïr, and derived from it the adjective haïneus, acquired by English as heinous [14]. => heinous
hate (v.)
Old English hatian "regard with extreme ill-will, have a passionate aversion to, treat as an enemy," from Proto-Germanic *haton (cognates: Old Saxon haton, Old Norse hata, German hassen, Gothic hatan "to hate"), from PIE root *kad- "sorrow, hatred" (cognates: Avestan sadra- "grief, sorrow, calamity," Greek kedos "care, trouble, sorrow," Welsh cas "pain, anger"). Related: Hated; hating. French haine (n.), hair (v.) are Germanic. Hate crime attested from 1988.
hate (n.)
Old English hete "hatred, spite, envy, malice, hostility," from Proto-Germanic *hatis- (cognates: Old Norse hattr, Old Frisian hat, Dutch haat, Old High German has, German Hass, Gothic hatis; see hate (v.)). Altered in Middle English to conform with the verb. Hate mail is first attested 1951.
雙語例句
1. I hate it when people accuse us of that.
我討厭別人就那件事指責我們。
來自柯林斯例句
2. I hate to rush you but I have another appointment later on.
我真不想催你，但我稍後還有一個約會。
來自柯林斯例句
3. "A deal!" she said contemptuously, "I hate all deals."
“交易！”她鄙夷地說，“我厭惡一切交易。”
來自柯林斯例句
4. Much as I hate to go, it's now or never.
雖然我很討厭去，但也就此一回了。
來自柯林斯例句
5. They may hate what he does but their survival depends on him.