brown: [OE] In Old English, brown meant, rather vaguely, ‘dark’; it does not seem to have become a definite colour word until the 13th century. It comes from West and North Germanic *brūnaz, which probably goes back ultimately to the same Indo-European source (*bheros) as bear, etymologically the ‘brown [that is, dark] animal’. An additional meaning of brown in Old and Middle English, shared also by related words such as Old High German brūn, was ‘shining, glistening’, particularly as applied to weapons (it survives in fossilized form in the old ballad Cospatrick, recorded in 1802: ‘my bonny brown sword’); Old French took it over when it borrowed brun from Germanic, and it is the basis of the verb burnir ‘polish’, from which English gets burnish [14].
Another contribution made by French brun to English is the feminine diminutive form brunette [17]. An earlier Old French variant burnete had previously been borrowed by English in the 12th century as burnet, and since the 14th century has been applied to a genus of plants of the rose family. The term burnet moth is first recorded in 1842. => bear, brunette, burnish
brown (adj.)
Old English brun "dark, dusky," developing a definite color sense only 13c., from Proto-Germanic *brunaz (cognates: Old Norse brunn, Danish brun, Old Frisian and Old High German brun, Dutch bruin, German braun), from PIE *bher- (3) "shining, brown" (cognates: Lithuanian beras "brown"), related to *bheros "dark animal" (compare beaver, bear (n.), and Greek phrynos "toad," literally "the brown animal").
The Old English word also had a sense of "brightness, shining," preserved only in burnish. The Germanic word was adopted into Romanic (Middle Latin brunus, Italian and Spanish bruno, French brun). Brown Bess, slang name for old British Army flintlock musket, first recorded 1785.
brown (n.)
"brown color," c. 1600, from brown (adj.).
brown (v.)
c. 1300, "to become brown," from brown (adj.). From 1560s as "to make brown." Related: Browned; browning.
雙語例句
1. The sand martin is a brown bird with white underneath.
崖沙燕是一種褐羽白腹的鳥。
來自柯林斯例句
2. Ernest Brown lives about a dozen blocks from where the riots began.
歐內斯特·布朗住在離騷亂發生處幾個街區遠的地方。
來自柯林斯例句
3. Ms Brown is still no shoo-in for the November election.
布朗夫人在11月的選舉中仍然沒有十足的勝算。
來自柯林斯例句
4. We talk in her Belgrade flat, full of heavy old brown furniture.
我們在她位於貝爾格萊德的公寓裏進行了交談，那屋裏滿是結實的老式棕色家具。
來自柯林斯例句
5. The special cabinet committee comprises Mr Brown, Mr Mandelson, and Mr Straw.