bear

• vi. 承受；結果實
• vt. 忍受；具有；支撐
• n. 熊
• n. (Bear)人名；(英)貝爾

1.承受，來自PIE *bher(1), 承受，帶來，生育，同bring.

2.熊，來自PIE *bher(2), 明亮的，棕色的。指棕熊。

起源於黑海和裏海北岸之間的原始印歐人看不到北極熊和黑熊，他們所能看見的是“棕”熊。這個單詞與brown n.棕色，以及beaver ['biːvə] n.海狸；海狸皮毛有關。拉丁語借用了這些概念後，將棕色頭發或棕色皮膚（較白皮膚顏色深）的女人稱為brunette [bruː'net] n.淺黑膚色的女人。

bear

bear: [OE] The two English words bear ‘carry’ and bear the animal come from completely different sources. The verb, Old English beran, goes back via Germanic *ber- to Indo-European *bher-, which already contained the two central meaning elements that have remained with its offspring ever since, ‘carry’ and ‘give birth’. It is the source of a very large number of words in the Indo-European languages, including both Germanic (German gebären ‘give birth’, Swedish börd ‘birth’) and non-Germanic (Latin ferre and Greek phérein ‘bear’, source of English fertile and amphora [17], and Russian brat ‘seize’).

And a very large number of other English words are related to it: on the ‘carrying’ side, barrow, berth, bier, burden, and possibly brim; and on the ‘giving birth’ side, birth itself and bairn ‘child’ [16]. Borne and born come from boren, the Old English past participle of bear; the distinction in usage between the two (borne for ‘carried’, born for ‘given birth’) arose in the early 17th century.

Etymologically, the bear is a ‘brown animal’. Old English bera came from West Germanic *bero (whence also German bär and Dutch beer), which may in turn go back to Indo- European *bheros, related to English brown. The poetic name for the bear, bruin [17], follows the same semantic pattern (it comes from Dutch bruin ‘brown’), and beaver means etymologically ‘brown animal’ too.
=> amphora, bairn, barrow, berth, bier, born, burden, fertile, fortune, paraphernalia, suffer; brown

bear (v.)

Old English beran "to bear, bring; bring forth, produce; to endure, sustain; to wear" (class IV strong verb; past tense bær, past participle boren), from Proto-Germanic *beran (cognates: Old Saxon beran, Old Frisian bera, Old High German beran, German gebären, Old Norse bera, Gothic bairan "to carry, bear, give birth to"), from PIE root *bher- (1) meaning both "give birth" (though only English and German strongly retain this sense, and Russian has beremennaya "pregnant") and "carry a burden, bring" (see infer).

Ball bearings "bear" the friction. Many senses are from notion of "move onward by pressure." Old English past tense bær became Middle English bare; alternative bore began to appear c. 1400, but bare remained the literary form till after 1600. Past participle distinction of borne for "carried" and born for "given birth" is from late 18c. To bear (something) in mind is from 1530s.

bear (n.)

Old English bera "bear," from Proto-Germanic *beron, literally "the brown (one)" (cognates: Old Norse björn, Middle Dutch bere, Dutch beer, Old High German bero, German Bär), from PIE *bher- (3) "bright, brown" (see brown (adj.)).

Greek arktos and Latin ursus retain the PIE root word for "bear" (*rtko; see Arctic), but it is believed to have been ritually replaced in the northern branches because of hunters' taboo on names of wild animals (compare the Irish equivalent "the good calf," Welsh "honey-pig," Lithuanian "the licker," Russian medved "honey-eater"). Others connect the Germanic word with Latin ferus "wild," as if it meant "the wild animal (par excellence) of the northern woods."

Symbolic of Russia since 1794. Used of uncouth persons since 1570s. Stock market meaning "speculator for a fall" is 1709 shortening of bearskin jobber (from the proverb sell the bearskin before one has caught the bear); i.e. "one who sells stock for future delivery, expecting that meanwhile prices will fall." Paired with bull from c. 1720. Bear claw as a type of large pastry is from 1942, originally chiefly western U.S.

1. Eleanor's work among the women will, I trust, bear fruit.

我相信埃莉諾所做的工作會在婦女中有所成效。

來自柯林斯例句

2. The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt.

發展中國家背負著巨額外債。

來自柯林斯例句

3. I can't bear people who make judgements and label me.

我討厭人們對我品頭論足。

來自柯林斯例句

4. I couldn't bear to see my reflection in the mirror.

我不忍看鏡子裏自己的樣子。

來自柯林斯例句

5. The bear exposed its teeth in a muffled growl.

那隻熊齜出牙齒，發出一聲低沉的吼叫。

來自柯林斯例句