aspirin
英 ['æsp(ə)rɪn]
美 ['æsprɪn]
助記提示
這裏所說的“阿司匹林”，是一種鎮痛解熱藥，用來緩解疼痛和降低高燒病人的體溫。“阿司匹林”是這種藥物的俗稱，其學名則是“乙酰水楊酸”。
發明阿司匹林的是1905年的諾貝爾化學獎獲得者、德國化學家拜爾（Adolf von Baeyer，1835—1917）。他通過合成的方式製造出了乙酰水楊酸（acide acétylsalicylique）。說到水楊酸，很多人都知道，繡線菊（spirée或spiraea）的主要成分便是這種酸。但是，乙酰水楊酸卻並不是從這種植物中提取出來的。於是，德國人就將乙酰水楊酸這種合成酸稱為“Aspirin”（並非從繡線菊中提取出來的水楊酸）。其中，“a-”是表示否定的希臘語前綴，“spir”意為“繡線菊”，“-in”是醫學和化學領域常用的日耳曼語後綴。
由於阿司匹林是一個統稱，所以該詞的首字母無須大寫。
音譯“阿司匹林”。
中文詞源
aspirin 阿斯匹林來自德國商標名，全稱acetylierte Spirsaure. Acetylierte, 詞源同acid, 酸。詞根spir, 螺旋，見spiral, 螺旋的。指該藥提煉自一種螺旋屬植物的葉酸。
英文詞源
- aspirin
- aspirin: [19] The word aspirin was coined in German towards the end of the 19th century. It is a condensed version of the term acetylierte spirsäure ‘acetylated spiraeic acid’. Spiraeic acid is a former term for ‘salicylic acid’, from which aspirin is derived; its name comes from the spiraea, a plant of the rose family.
=> spiraea - aspirin (n.)
- coined 1899 by German chemist Heinrich Dreser (1860-1924) in German as a trademark name, from Latin Spiraea (ulmaria) "meadow-sweet," the plant in whose flowers or leaves the processed acid in the medicine is naturally found, + common chemical ending -in (see -ine (2)). Spiraea (Tournefort, 1700) is from Latinized form of Greek speiraia "meadow-sweet," so called from the shape of its follicles (see spiral (adj.)). The initial -a- is to acknowledge acetylation; Dreser said the word was a contraction of acetylierte spirsäure, the German name of the acid, which now is obsolete, replaced by salicylic acid.
Die Bezeichnung Aspirin ist abgeleitet aus "Spirsäure" -- alter Name der Salicylsäure und A = Acetyl; statt" Acetylirte Spirsäure, kurzweg "Aspirin". [H, Dreser, "Pharmakologisches über Aspirin (Acetylsalicylsäure)," in "Archiv für die Gesammte Physiologie des Menschen und der Thiere," 1899, p.307]
The custom of giving commercial names to medicinal products began in Germany in the late 19th century, when nascent pharmaceutical firms were discovering medical uses for common, easily made chemicals. To discourage competitors they would market the substance under a short trademarked name a doctor could remember, rather than the long chemical compound word. German law required prescriptions to be filled exactly as written.
雙語例句
- 1. Our doctor diagnosed a throat infection and prescribed antibiotic and junior aspirin.
- 我們的醫生診斷是喉部感染，並且開了一些抗生素和小劑量阿司匹林。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. I bandaged the leg up and gave her aspirin for the pain.
- 我把她的腿用繃帶包紮起來，並給了她阿司匹林止痛。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. I don't take any drugs whatsoever, except aspirin for colds.
- 我什麽藥都不吃，除了感冒時吃阿司匹林。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. He would take two aspirin and sprawl out on his bed.
- 他會吃兩片阿司匹林，然後攤開手腳躺在床上。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. Aspirin apparently thins the blood and inhibits clotting.
- 阿司匹林能顯著地稀釋血液、抑製血液凝結。
來自柯林斯例句