Dutch

• adj. 荷蘭的；荷蘭人的；荷蘭語的
• n. 荷蘭人；荷蘭語
• adv. 費用平攤地；各自付賬地

來自PIE*teuta, 人民，民族，詞源同Deutsch,Teutonic.在14世紀前用於日耳曼通稱，在16世紀後指荷蘭。

Dutch (adj.)

late 14c., used first of Germans generally, after c. 1600 of Hollanders, from Middle Dutch duutsch, from Old High German duit-isc, corresponding to Old English þeodisc "belonging to the people," used especially of the common language of Germanic people, from þeod "people, race, nation," from Proto-Germanic *theudo "popular, national" (see Teutonic), from PIE root *teuta- "people" (cognates: Old Irish tuoth "people," Old Lithuanian tauta "people," Old Prussian tauto "country," Oscan touto "community").

As a language name, first recorded as Latin theodice, 786 C.E. in correspondence between Charlemagne's court and the Pope, in reference to a synodical conference in Mercia; thus it refers to Old English. First reference to the German language (as opposed to a Germanic one) is two years later. The sense was extended from the language to the people who spoke it (in German, Diutisklant, ancestor of Deutschland, was in use by 13c.).

Sense narrowed to "of the Netherlands" in 17c., after they became a united, independent state and the focus of English attention and rivalry. In Holland, Duits (formerly duitsch) is used of the people of Germany. The Middle English sense survives in Pennsylvania Dutch, name of the people who immigrated from the Rhineland and Switzerland.

Since c. 1600, Dutch (adj.) has been a "pejorative label pinned by English speakers on almost anything they regard as inferior, irregular, or contrary to 'normal' (i.e., their own) practice" [Rawson]. E.g. Dutch treat (1887), Dutch uncle (1838), etc. -- probably exceeded in such usage only by Indian and Irish -- reflecting first British commercial and military rivalry and later heavy German immigration to U.S.

The Dutch themselves spoke English well enough to understand the unsavory connotations of the label and in 1934 Dutch officials were ordered by their government to stop using the term Dutch. Instead, they were to rewrite their sentences so as to employ the official The Netherlands. [Rawson]

Dutch oven is from 1769; OED lists it among the words describing things from Holland, but perhaps it is here used in the slighting sense. Dutch elm disease (1927) so called because it was first discovered in Holland (caused by fungus Ceratocystis ulmi).

1. You'll be amazed at the culinary creations possible in a Dutch oven.

荷蘭烤箱能夠做的食物之多會讓你感到驚奇。

來自柯林斯例句

2. A Dutch newspaper photographed the president waiting forlornly in the rain.

一份荷蘭報紙拍到了總統形單影隻地在雨中等待的照片。

來自柯林斯例句

3. The old Dutch fort with its thick high walls looks virtually impregnable.

古老的荷蘭城堡城牆又厚又高，看起來幾乎固若金湯。

來自柯林斯例句

4. Dutch colonial authorities imprisoned him for his part in the independence movement.

荷蘭殖民當局因他參加獨立運動而把他關押了起來。

來自柯林斯例句

5. Dutch police told off two of the gang, aged 10 and 11.

荷蘭警方對一幫小混混中的兩個人進行了訓誡，他們一個10歲，另一個11歲。

來自柯林斯例句